فصلنامه زیبایی شناسی ادبی
سال دوازدهم شماره 50 (زمستان 1400)

In Indian style comparative literature, the poems of Saeb Tabrizi and Fazel Nazari are comparable through various approaches. One of the common grounds in the poems of these two poets is the use of common literary devices. The term literary device comes from Russian Formalism. This school considers any literary work to be a combination of literary devices, which is consisted of figures of speech and sound techniques. Because the Indian style uses of many literary devices, this research studies those devices that are the most frequent in the poems of these two poets. Osloob Moadele, Metaphor, Iham, Simile, and Synesthesia are among the devices that are studied in the poems of Saeb Tabrizi and Fazel Nazari for the purpose of finding the frequency and the meaning. The results of this study show that Nazari has been influenced by Saeb in using figures of speech and considering that the thematic field of each poet is different the result of using these common literary devices is unique in their own time and style, even though there are many overlaps in using these literary devices. The method of this research is based on quantitative and qualitative analysis of common literary devices in the poems of these two poets and its goal is to analyze the frequency of these devices in the specified statistical population.

Critical discourse is a theoretical linguistics and critiques whose principles and components are issues of power and are characterized by different discourses with specific characteristics that address and examine the two aspects of the form and meaning of the text. Descriptive-analytical We have evaluated and analyzed critical discourse in independent poetic images of Ebtehaj based on the view of Norman Fairclough. The results of this researcher are at the level of description, use of language, use of rhetorical aspects and secondary meanings of call and interrogation and dominance of vocabulary which indicates protest, conflict, sorrow and compassion. It is prominent in Ebtehaj's poems. At the level of interpretation and from the perspective of intertextuality, Ebtehaj's poems in the form of explicit and implicit intertextuality are influenced by classical poets (especially Hafez and Rumi). At the level of explanation, one can also achieve the hegemony of the idea of ​​protest and emphasis on change and otherness in Ebtehaj's poems.

Among the literary works of the poets of the world, we come across poems which are called literary masterpieces of the world. Ferdowsi Shahnameh is one of them. One of these topics, in which the important parts of this great book have a significant presence due to its epic nature, is the mirrors, techniques and tools of warfare, about which no research has been done so far. Combat tools play an important role in the creation of artistic images, as they have been used throughout the Shahnameh, both in describing battle and battle scenes and in describing feast scenes. Masnavi "Tools of War", the work of Vahid Qazvini, is one of the poets of the 11th and 12th centuries AH, which has eight hundred verses and is written to describe the tools of war. This research seeks to compare the Shahnameh and Masnavi of Mirza Mohammad Taher Vahid Qazvini's war instruments in a descriptive-comparative manner. The results indicate that there is a significant difference between the creation of imagery and tool warfare in the heroic part of Ferdowsi Shahnameh and Masnavi descriptions of Mirza Taher Qazvini's war tools. Since no research has been done on this Masnavi so far, the author intends to introduce this poet and study this work and compare it with Ferdowsi's Shahnameh and identify their similarities and differences and the extent and how this poet is influenced in describing the war of tools from Shahnameh. Express Ferdowsi.

Tazil is one of the categories of semantics that is usually used in sentences and semi-sentences and is one of the types of adverbs. Atanab is one of the most important industries that makes speech eloquent, expressive and effective and makes it relevant to the audience and appropriate to the situation. Most of the uses of tazil in Masnavi are related to the allegories that Rumi has used to confirm his contents, because his main purpose is to explain and explain a story that each of his series of anecdotes in Masnavi is an argument and confirmation for the same original subject. And in this way, many mystics and Masnavi scholars consider the whole of Masnavi as a single subject that is derived from a sequence of anecdotes. In this research, the author uses a descriptive-analytical method and library tools to study the subject of tazil in semantics based on the book of Masnavi Sharif and also to find out what is Rumi's art in using tazil and why Rumi uses it and its purposes and What were his intended meanings in the application?

Because love has an abstract meaning; Mystics have used sensory and tangible elements to explain and describe it, and have used metaphorical language for it. However, the subject of love has been the focus of poets and writers in all eras and times; But in the Iraqi style in terms of the importance and credibility of the works written and written about love; It has more prominence. One of the famous and famous madmen of the seventh century is the generalities of Shams Tabrizi by Maulana Jalaluddin Mohammad Balkhi. This work is linguistically more poetic and metaphorical and is mystical in meaning. Rumi in the generalities of the sun, according to the culture and ideologies that ruled the society of that time, has a special perception of love. This court also has a coherent foundation that is the result of metaphorical networks formed on the basis of one or more main common or individual metaphors in them. This research, which is a descriptive-analytical method and library tools, seeks to investigate the metaphorical systems of love in the generalities of Shams Tabrizi based on metaphorical theory. The results of the research indicate that the metaphors of the beloved in this work actually show the similarity between the beloved and God and the three metaphorical depictions of God's love, God is the beloved, God is love, is.

The metaphorical approach as a textual analysis tool is a new and linguistic approach that Likoff and Johnson coined as a conceptual metaphor. Their theory is that metaphor is a tool for thinking and thinking that flows in human life and with the help of which individuals make abstract and sensory concepts tangible and tangible. Love is one of the most important abstract concepts of human life and worldview that has been used in literary and mystical texts with various metaphorical interpretations. Jalaluddin Mohammad Balkhi, known as Maulana and Abdul Qadir Bidel Dehlavi, are among the mystics-poets whose poems revolve around love and use deep and beautiful conceptual metaphors in the realm of love. This treatise examines the conceptual metaphor of love and its analysis in Rumi's spiritual Masnavi and Biddle Dehlavi's lyric poems. The theoretical basis of this treatise is Lycoff and Johnson's theory of metaphor. All the conceptual metaphors used around the mapping of love in the two works were studied descriptively-analytically and it was concluded that both poets in conceptualizing love from the tangible domains of places (sea and environment), objective concepts (fire, hunt, Flame, candle, etc.) and some other concepts have benefited. Both prefer love to asceticism. Both consider love to be eternal and call love the origin of the universe and man. The intellect is considered to have failed in recognizing love, and not everyone is considered a confidant of love, and it is said that whoever dies in love has attained eternal survival.

One of the artistic aspects of the language is its musical systematization. The poets of Aran school were aware of the musical capacity of the language and used it for enriching their literary works.Mujir al-Din Bilqani, one of the poets of this school, was also aware of the aspects of the language’s music and used it artistically for enriching his poems. In this article, the musical aspects of Mujir’s Divan (poetical works) are studied. The variety of meters and rhythms of Mujir’s poems, in addition to his ability and mastery of Persian literary techniques, shows the richness of the external music of his poems. He composed most of his poems in “Mafoulon, Faelaton, Mafaeilon, Faelan” meter and among the twelve meters and rhythms that he has used, the “Ramal” meter is the most frequently used .Mujir has used different kinds of versifications and his desire to compose different poems with long and varied “Radif”s has also increased the richness of his lateral music.